World Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder sparked a row recently by calling on Israel to launch immediate peace negotiations with the Palestinians. The argument was perceived as criticism against Lauder's personal friend, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Later, Lauder reiterated his "unequivocal" support for Netanyahu and "policies that seek to create a lasting peace in the Middle E". Lauder's remarks fabricated headlines and sparked both enthusiastic and angry responses not just because of his important part, only besides – and mainly – because he is a very rich human being.
Wall Street: Many Jews Forbes magazine estimates his wealth at $two.7 billion. His family owns the Estée Lauder cosmetics giant, he is one of the biggest art collectors in the world, and owns dozens of television channels and media outlets in the United States and worldwide, including 25% of Israel's Channel 10 TV. He is a heavy donor to countless Jewish and Israeli organizations, bodies and officials – including Netanyahu. Lauder is definitely non the merely American Jew funneling coin to Israel while influencing the country. Many Israeli adults used to receive a parcel from "the rich uncle in America" during their childhood. Thousands of organizations, including hospitals and universities, receive billions of shekels in donations from the United states. A Hebrew University study constitute that they make up about two-tertiary of all donations in Israel.
Each new immigrant receives aid from the Jewish Agency, whose budget is mostly fabricated upwards of donations from the US. Many of u.s. live on lands the Jewish National Fund bought from Arabs by Jewish-American money. A haredi yeshiva pupil gets NIS ane,000 ($295) a month from the Israeli government, and another NIS iii,000 ($885) from haredi American donors. The online Jewish Encyclopedia says some v.6 million Jews live in the United States (not including half a million Israelis) – about 1.viii% of the population. Well-nigh of them reside in rich cities: Miami, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Boston, and mainly New York.
A study of the Pew Forum constitute from 2008 found that Jews are the richest religious group in the United states: Forty-six of Jews earn more than than $100,000 a yr, compared to xix% among all Americans. Another Gallup poll conducted this year found that 70% of American Jews enjoy "a high standard of living" compared to 60% of the population and more than any other religious group.
Hollywood: Many Jews More than than 100 of the 400 billionaires on Forbes' list of the wealthiest people in America are Jews. 6 of the 20 leading venture capital funds in the United states belong to Jews, according to Forbes. Google founder Sergey Brin has a Jewish father, Facebook founder Marker Zuckerberg is Jewish, every bit is his deputy, David Fischer, the son of Bank of Israel Governor Stanley Fischer. The chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Shalom Bernanke, is Jewish also, as is he predecessor, Alan Greenspan, and the Fed founder, Paul Warburg. Jews are well represented in Wall Street, Silicon Valley, the US Congress and Administration, Hollywood, Television networks and the American printing – mode across their per centum in the population. The U.s.a. is among the richest countries in the world, making American Jews 1 of the wealthiest ethnic groups in the universe. Their success story is even more than phenomenal considering the speed in which they became rich.
Only several thousand Jews lived in the US upon its establishment on July iv, 1776, most of them Marrano and people who were exiled or escaped from Espana in favor of colonies in North America. In the mid 19th century, some 200,000 Jews immigrated to the Usa, mostly from Deutschland and key Europe. Most of them were Reform Jews, well-established, who saw themselves as Germans and Americans more than as Jews. They scattered across the continent and prepare businesses, from small stores and factories to financial giants like Lehman Brothers and Goldman Sachs. The great wave of immigration began in 1882. Czarist Russian federation, which was home to about one-half of the world's Jews, went through a failed industrial revolution and was on the verge of collapse, while the Jews living in minor towns became impoverished and suffered from cruel pogroms. Inside 42 years, some ii million Jews immigrated to the United states of america from Ukraine, western Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Romania. They made up 25% of the Jewish population in those countries, about 15% of the world'south Jews, and x times the number of Jews who immigrated to the Land of Israel during that period. The United states of america became the world's biggest Jewish concentration. The mass immigration to Israel began in 1924, when the Us enacted tough laws which halted the immigration. The immigrants arrived in the US on crowded boats, and most of them were equally poor every bit church mice. Dr. Robert Rockaway, who studied that period, wrote that 80% of US Jews were employed in manual work before Earth War I, most of them in material factories. Many workplaces were blocked to the Jews due to an anti-Semitic entrada led by industrialist Henry Ford. Most of them lived in crowded and filthy slums in New York – Brooklyn and the Lower Due east Side. Many films and books describe the world established in those neighborhoods: Vibrant, but tough and brutal. There was a lively culture of cabarets and minor Yiddish theaters, alongside a Jewish mafia with famous crime bosses such as Meyer Lansky, Abner "Longie" Zwillman, and Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, who grew up in the filthy alleys. Many of the Jews, who were socialists in Europe, became active in labor unions and in workers' strikes and protests. Many merchandise unions were established by Jews. The Jewish immigrants, however, emerged from poverty and fabricated faster progress than whatever other grouping of immigrants. According to Rockaway, in the 1930s, about 20% of the Jewish men had free professions, double the charge per unit in the entire American population. Anti-Semitism weakened after World War II and the restrictions on hiring Jews were reduced and afterward canceled as part of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, cheers to the struggle of liberal activists, many of whom were Jews. In 1957, 75% of United states Jews were white-collar workers, compared to 35% of all white people in the US; in 1970, 87% of Jewish men worked in clerical jobs, compared to 42% of all white people, and the Jews earned 72% more than than the full general average. The only remnant of their poverty is that almost of them nevertheless support a welfare policy and the Democratic Party.
Equally they became richer, Jews integrated into society. They moved from the slums to the suburbs, abandoned Yiddish and adopted the wearing apparel, culture, slang and dating and shopping habits of the not-Jewish elite. Most Jews left religion when they immigrated to the US, but returned to it afterwards and joined Reform and Conservative communities, becoming more than alike the Americans, well-nigh of whom are religious Christians. Alongside the Jews, millions of immigrants arrived in the US from Ireland, Italy, Communist china and dozens of other countries. They too have settled downwards since and so, just the Jews succeeded more than than everyone. Why? All the experts we asked said the reason was Jewish didactics. Jewish American student organization Hillel found that nine to 33% of students in leading universities in the US are Jewish.
"The Jewish tradition always sanctified studying, and the Jews made an attempt to study from the moment they arrived in American," says Danny Halperin, Israel's old economic attaché in Washington. "In addition, the Jews accept a strong tradition of business entrepreneurship. The Irish gaelic, for example, came from families of land workers with a dissimilar mentality, studies less and initiated less. "The Jews progressed because many areas were blocked to them," says Halperin. "Many Irish were integrated into the constabulary force, for example, and only few Jews. The Jews entered new fields in which in that location was need for people with initiative. They didn't integrate into traditional banking, and so they established the investment banking." "The movie house manufacture was created from scratch in the 1930s, and the Jews basically took over information technology. To this day there are many Jewish names in the top echelon of Hollywood and the television networks. After, they took high-tech past tempest too – another new manufacture requiring learning abilities."
"The Jews were the first people to undergo globalization," says Rebecca Caspi, senior vice president of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA). "They had a network of global connections way earlier other nations, and a strong and supportive customs.
"The Jewish communal organization is considered a role model for all other indigenous groups. It helped the Jews everywhere and particularly in the Us, which was always more open than other countries and provided equal opportunities, while on the other manus –wasn't supportive of the individual." How do community institutions assist people succeed in business?
"The common help allowed poor Jews to study. My family is an example of what happened to millions. My grandfather arrived in New York with ii dollars in his pocket. He sold pencils, and so pants and and so other things, and in the meantime studied English, German and Spanish and established ties.
"He had five children, and the family had a small store in Brooklyn. They got assist from the HIAS Jewish organization, which allowed them to written report. They were and so poor that they didn't accept money for textbooks, and so the siblings helped each other. My begetter was the youngest, and until he started university the iv older siblings had already managed to settle down, so they all helped him complete his medical studies." "The Jews had to excel in club to survive," says Avia Spivak, a professor of economic and former Bank of State of israel deputy governor. "I once had a student of Russian descent, who told me that his parents said to him, 'You lot must be the best, because then you lot might get a small part.' "That was the situation of the Jews abroad, and in America too until the 1960s. The nearly prestigious universities didn't take in Jewish students, so they studied in colleges and got the all-time grades. When the discrimination disappeared, the Jews reached the height." Is that why they succeeded in the Us more than in other places?
The discrimination lessened in nearly countries. I think Jews succeeded in America in particular because capitalism is practiced for the Jews. Jews have a trend for entrepreneurship, they written report more and take quick perception, know how to seize opportunities and have networking skills. A competitive environment gives Jews an reward."
Is that the reason Israelis are not equally rich as American Jews?
"I think the 'Jewish genius' – which is not a genetic issue but a cultural result – is expressed in Israel in other areas. The Jews in America arrived in a land with existing, stable and potent infrastructure. Hither they had to build the entire infrastructure from scratch, nether harsh conditions."
There is no doubt that American Jews' huge success helped Jews survive in State of israel.
"The assist is beyond the bodily donations," says Caspi. "The federal aid arrives largely thanks to the Jewish pressure. Israeli businesspeople employ their connections in America to open markets and raise funds, particularly for the venture majuscule industry." The American aid strengthens the connection between the two communities – which together make up near 80% of the Jewish people – but also creates discomfort on both sides: The Americans view State of israel equally a "shelter for a rainy day" and experience committed to assistance the Country, merely some feel their money is being wasted due to wrong moves; the Israelis live in fear of what volition happen if and when the aid stops. The fearfulness is increasing, with i-third of US Jews marrying not-Jews and stating that they feel less connected to Israel. "Israel would take been established and would have survived even without the American aid, only it would have been poorer," says Halperin. "At that place are areas, similar college education, in which the help is critical – and if it all of a sudden disappears, things volition be difficult."
Every time there are arguments between the Israeli government and Jews in America, Israeli and American public figures warn that "one solar day they'll have enough and stop donating." Tin that happen?
"The telescopic of donations is decreasing in the past few years," says Halperin. "The Jews have a sense of belonging to the American society and give their donations to American organizations. They want to run into their names at a New York museum rather than at Jerusalem museum.
"As the Holocaust becomes more distant, the fearfulness for Israel's existence drops. In addition, State of israel is no longer perceived equally a poor country. And the Americans accept their own bug: The fiscal crunch and education in the US, which is condign more than and more expensive. The donations will gradually drib, and may eventually disappear. "Only it's hard for me to believe that the donations will disappear at once because of a political crisis. It looks like our government is trying to brand information technology happen with all its might, but fortunately, information technology can't even practise that."
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